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Parte 2: Implementación

Enfoque de Scheduler Extender

El enfoque de scheduler extender es una forma de extender la funcionalidad del scheduler predeterminado. En este enfoque, el scheduler predeterminado llama a un servicio externo (scheduler extender) mediante solicitudes HTTP para proporcionar funciones adicionales de filtrado y prioridad.

Arquitectura de Scheduler Extender

El siguiente diagrama muestra la arquitectura del enfoque de scheduler extender:

Flujo de trabajo de Scheduler Extender

El flujo de trabajo de scheduler extender es el siguiente:

Implementación de Scheduler Extender

Un scheduler extender debe proporcionar los siguientes endpoints HTTP:

  1. Filter: Filtra los nodes donde el Pod no puede ejecutarse.
  2. Prioritize: Asigna puntuaciones de prioridad a los nodes.
  3. Bind: Vincula el Pod a un node (opcional).
  4. Prefilter: Inspecciona el Pod antes del filtrado (opcional).
  5. Prescore: Inspecciona el Pod antes de la puntuación (opcional).

Aquí tienes un ejemplo sencillo de scheduler extender usando Go:

go
package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "log"
    "net/http"

    "github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
    extenderv1 "k8s.io/kube-scheduler/extender/v1"
)

func main() {
    router := httprouter.New()
    router.POST("/filter", filterHandler)
    router.POST("/prioritize", prioritizeHandler)

    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8888", router))
}

// Filter handler
func filterHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
    var extenderArgs extenderv1.ExtenderArgs
    var extenderFilterResult extenderv1.ExtenderFilterResult

    if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&extenderArgs); err != nil {
        http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
        return
    }

    // Simple example allowing all nodes
    extenderFilterResult.Nodes = extenderArgs.Nodes
    extenderFilterResult.FailedNodes = make(map[string]string)

    // Filter nodes based on specific conditions
    // Example: Allow only nodes with GPUs for pods requiring GPUs
    if requiresGPU(&extenderArgs.Pod) {
        filteredNodes := &extenderv1.NodeList{
            Items: make([]extenderv1.Node, 0),
        }

        for _, node := range extenderArgs.Nodes.Items {
            if hasGPU(&node) {
                filteredNodes.Items = append(filteredNodes.Items, node)
            } else {
                extenderFilterResult.FailedNodes[node.Name] = "Node does not have GPU"
            }
        }

        extenderFilterResult.Nodes = filteredNodes
    }

    if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(extenderFilterResult); err != nil {
        http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
        return
    }
}

// Prioritize handler
func prioritizeHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
    var extenderArgs extenderv1.ExtenderArgs
    var hostPriorityList extenderv1.HostPriorityList

    if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&extenderArgs); err != nil {
        http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
        return
    }

    // Assign scores to each node
    hostPriorityList = make(extenderv1.HostPriorityList, len(extenderArgs.Nodes.Items))
    for i, node := range extenderArgs.Nodes.Items {
        // Simple example: assign same score to all nodes
        hostPriorityList[i] = extenderv1.HostPriority{
            Host:  node.Name,
            Score: 1,
        }

        // Adjust score based on specific conditions
        // Example: Assign higher score to nodes with more GPU memory
        if requiresGPU(&extenderArgs.Pod) && hasGPU(&node) {
            gpuMemory := getGPUMemory(&node)
            hostPriorityList[i].Score = int64(gpuMemory / 1024) // Convert to GB
        }
    }

    if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(hostPriorityList); err != nil {
        http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
        return
    }
}

// Function to check GPU requirements
func requiresGPU(pod *extenderv1.Pod) bool {
    // Check GPU requirements from pod's resource requests
    for _, container := range pod.Spec.Containers {
        if _, ok := container.Resources.Requests["nvidia.com/gpu"]; ok {
            return true
        }
    }
    return false
}

// Function to check if node has GPU
func hasGPU(node *extenderv1.Node) bool {
    // Check GPU from node's capacity
    if _, ok := node.Status.Capacity["nvidia.com/gpu"]; ok {
        return true
    }
    return false
}

// Function to check node's GPU memory
func getGPUMemory(node *extenderv1.Node) int {
    // Check GPU memory from node labels
    if memoryStr, ok := node.Labels["gpu.nvidia.com/memory"]; ok {
        var memory int
        fmt.Sscanf(memoryStr, "%d", &memory)
        return memory
    }
    return 0
}

Deployment de Scheduler Extender

Compila el scheduler extender como una imagen de contenedor y despliégalo en Kubernetes:

yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: scheduler-extender
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: scheduler-extender
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: scheduler-extender
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: scheduler-extender
        image: your-registry/scheduler-extender:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8888
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "100Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "200m"
            memory: "200Mi"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: scheduler-extender
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  selector:
    app: scheduler-extender
  ports:
  - port: 8888
    targetPort: 8888

Configuración del scheduler

Para usar el scheduler extender, debes modificar la configuración del scheduler predeterminado. En EKS, puedes configurarlo de la siguiente manera:

  1. Crear un archivo de configuración del scheduler:
yaml
apiVersion: kubescheduler.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeSchedulerConfiguration
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf
extenders:
- urlPrefix: "http://scheduler-extender.kube-system.svc.cluster.local:8888"
  filterVerb: "filter"
  prioritizeVerb: "prioritize"
  weight: 1
  enableHTTPS: false
  nodeCacheCapable: false
  1. Crear la configuración del scheduler como ConfigMap:
yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: scheduler-config
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  scheduler-config.yaml: |
    apiVersion: kubescheduler.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
    kind: KubeSchedulerConfiguration
    clientConnection:
      kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf
    extenders:
    - urlPrefix: "http://scheduler-extender.kube-system.svc.cluster.local:8888"
      filterVerb: "filter"
      prioritizeVerb: "prioritize"
      weight: 1
      enableHTTPS: false
      nodeCacheCapable: false
  1. Deployment del scheduler personalizado:
yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: custom-scheduler
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: custom-scheduler
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: custom-scheduler
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: custom-scheduler
      containers:
      - name: kube-scheduler
        image: k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.23.0
        command:
        - kube-scheduler
        - --config=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler-config.yaml
        - --v=3
        volumeMounts:
        - name: scheduler-config
          mountPath: /etc/kubernetes/scheduler-config.yaml
          subPath: scheduler-config.yaml
        - name: kubeconfig
          mountPath: /etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf
          readOnly: true
      volumes:
      - name: scheduler-config
        configMap:
          name: scheduler-config
      - name: kubeconfig
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf
          type: File

Plugins del Scheduler Framework

El scheduler framework introducido en Kubernetes 1.15 proporciona una arquitectura basada en plugins. Este enfoque te permite implementar plugins en varias etapas del pipeline de scheduling.

Arquitectura del Scheduler Framework

El siguiente diagrama muestra la arquitectura del scheduler framework:

Configuración de plugins del Scheduler Framework

El siguiente diagrama muestra la configuración de plugins del scheduler framework:

Puntos de extensión del Scheduling Framework

El scheduling framework proporciona los siguientes puntos de extensión:

  1. QueueSort: Determina el orden de los Pods en la cola de scheduling.
  2. PreFilter: Inspecciona los Pods y prepara datos de filtrado antes del filtrado.
  3. Filter: Filtra los nodes donde el Pod no puede ejecutarse.
  4. PreScore: Inspecciona los Pods y prepara datos de puntuación antes de la puntuación.
  5. Score: Asigna puntuaciones a los nodes.
  6. NormalizeScore: Normaliza las puntuaciones de cada scoring plugin.
  7. Reserve: Reserva recursos para el Pod.
  8. Permit: Determina si el Pod puede programarse.
  9. PreBind: Realiza las operaciones necesarias antes del binding.
  10. Bind: Vincula el Pod a un node.
  11. PostBind: Realiza las operaciones necesarias después del binding.

Implementación de Scheduler Plugin

Aquí tienes un ejemplo sencillo de scheduler plugin usando Go:

go
package main

import (
    "context"
    "fmt"

    v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
    "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
    "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/framework"
)

// GPUSchedulerPlugin is a plugin that filters and scores nodes based on GPU requirements.
type GPUSchedulerPlugin struct{}

var _ framework.FilterPlugin = &GPUSchedulerPlugin{}
var _ framework.ScorePlugin = &GPUSchedulerPlugin{}

// Name returns the name of the plugin.
func (gsp *GPUSchedulerPlugin) Name() string {
    return "GPUScheduler"
}

// Filter filters out nodes where the pod cannot run.
func (gsp *GPUSchedulerPlugin) Filter(ctx context.Context, state *framework.CycleState, pod *v1.Pod, node *framework.NodeInfo) *framework.Status {
    // For pods with GPU requirements, allow only nodes with GPUs
    if requiresGPU(pod) && !hasGPU(node.Node()) {
        return framework.NewStatus(framework.Unschedulable, "Node does not have GPU")
    }
    return framework.NewStatus(framework.Success, "")
}

// Score assigns scores to nodes.
func (gsp *GPUSchedulerPlugin) Score(ctx context.Context, state *framework.CycleState, pod *v1.Pod, nodeName string) (int64, *framework.Status) {
    nodeInfo, err := state.Read(framework.NodeInfoKey)
    if err != nil {
        return 0, framework.NewStatus(framework.Error, fmt.Sprintf("Error reading node info: %v", err))
    }

    node := nodeInfo.(*framework.NodeInfo).Node()

    // For pods with GPU requirements, assign scores based on GPU memory
    if requiresGPU(pod) && hasGPU(node) {
        gpuMemory := getGPUMemory(node)
        return int64(gpuMemory / 1024), framework.NewStatus(framework.Success, "") // Convert to GB
    }

    return 0, framework.NewStatus(framework.Success, "")
}

// ScoreExtensions returns extensions for the score plugin.
func (gsp *GPUSchedulerPlugin) ScoreExtensions() framework.ScoreExtensions {
    return gsp
}

// NormalizeScore normalizes the scores.
func (gsp *GPUSchedulerPlugin) NormalizeScore(ctx context.Context, state *framework.CycleState, pod *v1.Pod, scores framework.NodeScoreList) *framework.Status {
    // Find maximum score
    var maxScore int64 = 1
    for _, score := range scores {
        if score.Score > maxScore {
            maxScore = score.Score
        }
    }

    // Normalize scores (0-100 range)
    for i := range scores {
        if maxScore > 0 {
            scores[i].Score = scores[i].Score * 100 / maxScore
        } else {
            scores[i].Score = 0
        }
    }

    return framework.NewStatus(framework.Success, "")
}

// Function to check GPU requirements
func requiresGPU(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
    // Check GPU requirements from pod's resource requests
    for _, container := range pod.Spec.Containers {
        if _, ok := container.Resources.Requests["nvidia.com/gpu"]; ok {
            return true
        }
    }
    return false
}

// Function to check if node has GPU
func hasGPU(node *v1.Node) bool {
    // Check GPU from node's capacity
    if _, ok := node.Status.Capacity["nvidia.com/gpu"]; ok {
        return true
    }
    return false
}

// Function to check node's GPU memory
func getGPUMemory(node *v1.Node) int {
    // Check GPU memory from node labels
    if memoryStr, ok := node.Labels["gpu.nvidia.com/memory"]; ok {
        var memory int
        fmt.Sscanf(memoryStr, "%d", &memory)
        return memory
    }
    return 0
}

// New creates a new instance of the plugin.
func New(_ runtime.Object, _ framework.Handle) (framework.Plugin, error) {
    return &GPUSchedulerPlugin{}, nil
}

Registro de Scheduler Plugin

Para registrar un scheduler plugin, debes modificar el archivo de configuración del scheduler:

yaml
apiVersion: kubescheduler.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeSchedulerConfiguration
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf
profiles:
- schedulerName: custom-scheduler
  plugins:
    filter:
      enabled:
      - name: GPUScheduler
    score:
      enabled:
      - name: GPUScheduler
        weight: 10
  pluginConfig:
  - name: GPUScheduler
    args: {}

Implementación del Scheduler Framework en EKS

Al implementar el scheduler framework en Amazon EKS, considera lo siguiente:

  1. Compilación de imagen de contenedor: Compila el scheduler plugin personalizado como una imagen de contenedor y publícala en un registro de contenedores como Amazon ECR.
  2. Configuración del scheduler: Crea la configuración del scheduler como ConfigMap y móntala en el Pod del scheduler personalizado.
  3. Permisos RBAC: Configura permisos RBAC adecuados para que el scheduler personalizado pueda acceder a los recursos necesarios.
  4. Etiquetado de nodes: Etiqueta los nodes según características de hardware específicas (por ejemplo, GPUs).

Arquitectura de EKS Scheduler Framework

El siguiente diagrama muestra cómo implementar el scheduler framework en EKS:

Pasos de implementación de EKS Scheduler Framework

  1. Desarrollo de Scheduler Plugin personalizado:
go
// main.go
package main

import (
    "os"

    "k8s.io/component-base/logs"
    "k8s.io/kubernetes/cmd/kube-scheduler/app"
    "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/framework/plugins/defaultbinder"
    "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/framework/plugins/defaultpreemption"
    "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/framework/plugins/nodeaffinity"
    "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/framework/plugins/nodename"
    "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/framework/plugins/nodeports"
    "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/framework/plugins/noderesources"
    "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/framework/plugins/nodeunschedulable"
    "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/framework/plugins/podtopologyspread"
    "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/framework/plugins/queuesort"
    "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/framework/plugins/tainttoleration"
    "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/framework/plugins/volumebinding"
    "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/framework/plugins/volumerestrictions"
    "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/framework/plugins/volumezone"

    // Import custom plugins
    "example.com/gpu-scheduler/pkg/gpuplugin"
    "example.com/gpu-scheduler/pkg/spotplugin"
    "example.com/gpu-scheduler/pkg/azplugin"
)

func main() {
    command := app.NewSchedulerCommand(
        app.WithPlugin(gpuplugin.Name, gpuplugin.New),
        app.WithPlugin(spotplugin.Name, spotplugin.New),
        app.WithPlugin(azplugin.Name, azplugin.New),
        // Include default plugins
        app.WithPlugin(defaultpreemption.Name, defaultpreemption.New),
        app.WithPlugin(noderesources.FitName, noderesources.NewFit),
        app.WithPlugin(noderesources.BalancedAllocationName, noderesources.NewBalancedAllocation),
        app.WithPlugin(nodename.Name, nodename.New),
        app.WithPlugin(nodeports.Name, nodeports.New),
        app.WithPlugin(nodeaffinity.Name, nodeaffinity.New),
        app.WithPlugin(nodeunschedulable.Name, nodeunschedulable.New),
        app.WithPlugin(tainttoleration.Name, tainttoleration.New),
        app.WithPlugin(volumerestrictions.Name, volumerestrictions.New),
        app.WithPlugin(volumebinding.Name, volumebinding.New),
        app.WithPlugin(volumezone.Name, volumezone.New),
        app.WithPlugin(podtopologyspread.Name, podtopologyspread.New),
        app.WithPlugin(defaultbinder.Name, defaultbinder.New),
        app.WithPlugin(queuesort.Name, queuesort.New),
    )

    logs.InitLogs()
    defer logs.FlushLogs()

    if err := command.Execute(); err != nil {
        os.Exit(1)
    }
}
  1. Creación de Dockerfile:
dockerfile
FROM golang:1.17 as builder

WORKDIR /go/src/example.com/gpu-scheduler
COPY . .

RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -a -installsuffix cgo -o kube-scheduler .

FROM alpine:3.14
RUN apk --no-cache add ca-certificates

WORKDIR /
COPY --from=builder /go/src/example.com/gpu-scheduler/kube-scheduler .

ENTRYPOINT ["/kube-scheduler"]
  1. Compilación y publicación de imagen:
bash
docker build -t your-registry/gpu-scheduler:latest .
docker push your-registry/gpu-scheduler:latest
  1. Creación del ConfigMap de configuración del scheduler:
yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: gpu-scheduler-config
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  scheduler-config.yaml: |
    apiVersion: kubescheduler.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
    kind: KubeSchedulerConfiguration
    clientConnection:
      kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf
    profiles:
    - schedulerName: gpu-scheduler
      plugins:
        queueSort:
          enabled:
          - name: PrioritySort
        preFilter:
          enabled:
          - name: NodeResourcesFit
          - name: NodePorts
          - name: PodTopologySpread
          - name: InterPodAffinity
          - name: VolumeBinding
          - name: NodeAffinity
          - name: GPUScheduler
        filter:
          enabled:
          - name: NodeUnschedulable
          - name: NodeName
          - name: TaintToleration
          - name: NodeAffinity
          - name: NodePorts
          - name: NodeResourcesFit
          - name: VolumeRestrictions
          - name: EBSLimits
          - name: VolumeBinding
          - name: VolumeZone
          - name: PodTopologySpread
          - name: InterPodAffinity
          - name: GPUScheduler
          - name: SpotScheduler
          - name: AZScheduler
        preScore:
          enabled:
          - name: InterPodAffinity
          - name: PodTopologySpread
          - name: TaintToleration
          - name: NodeAffinity
          - name: GPUScheduler
        score:
          enabled:
          - name: NodeResourcesBalancedAllocation
            weight: 1
          - name: ImageLocality
            weight: 1
          - name: InterPodAffinity
            weight: 1
          - name: NodeResourcesFit
            weight: 1
          - name: NodeAffinity
            weight: 1
          - name: PodTopologySpread
            weight: 2
          - name: TaintToleration
            weight: 1
          - name: GPUScheduler
            weight: 10
          - name: SpotScheduler
            weight: 5
          - name: AZScheduler
            weight: 3
        reserve:
          enabled:
          - name: VolumeBinding
        permit:
          enabled: []
        preBind:
          enabled:
          - name: VolumeBinding
        bind:
          enabled:
          - name: DefaultBinder
        postBind:
          enabled: []
      pluginConfig:
      - name: GPUScheduler
        args: {}
      - name: SpotScheduler
        args: {}
      - name: AZScheduler
        args: {}
  1. Deployment del scheduler personalizado:
yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: gpu-scheduler
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: gpu-scheduler
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["pods"]
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update", "patch"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["pods/binding"]
  verbs: ["create"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["nodes"]
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["events"]
  verbs: ["create", "patch", "update"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: gpu-scheduler
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: gpu-scheduler
  namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: gpu-scheduler
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: gpu-scheduler
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: gpu-scheduler
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: gpu-scheduler
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: gpu-scheduler
      containers:
      - name: gpu-scheduler
        image: your-registry/gpu-scheduler:latest
        args:
        - --config=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler-config.yaml
        - --v=3
        volumeMounts:
        - name: scheduler-config
          mountPath: /etc/kubernetes/scheduler-config.yaml
          subPath: scheduler-config.yaml
      volumes:
      - name: scheduler-config
        configMap:
          name: gpu-scheduler-config
  1. Especificación del scheduler en el Pod:
yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: gpu-pod
spec:
  schedulerName: gpu-scheduler
  containers:
  - name: cuda-container
    image: nvidia/cuda:11.0-base
    resources:
      limits:
        nvidia.com/gpu: 1

Conclusión

En este capítulo, cubrimos la implementación de schedulers personalizados usando el enfoque de scheduler extender y plugins del scheduler framework. También exploramos cómo implementar el scheduler framework en clusters de EKS.

En el próximo capítulo, veremos casos de implementación de schedulers personalizados en EKS y métodos de monitoreo.

Cuestionario

Para comprobar lo que has aprendido en este capítulo, prueba el cuestionario del tema.